LNELecture Notes in Education, Arts, Management and Social ScienceTBA2705-053XBio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.18063/LNE.v4i4.1931ArticleBalancing Sex-Based Rights and Trans Inclusion: Biological Determinism in For Women Scotland – A Feminist and Queer Legal Analysishttps://artdesignp.com/journal/LNE/4/4/10.18063/LNE.v4i4.1931WangXinyue2026442026-04-26This essay examines the UK Supreme Court’s decision in For Women Scotland Ltd v The Scottish Ministers and considers whether it strikes a legitimate balance between sex-based rights and transgender inclusion. It argues that, although the Court presented its reasoning as necessary for legal clarity and coherence, the judgment ultimately prioritized a biological understanding of sex. Drawing on feminist and queer legal theory, the essay demonstrates that biological sex may justify distinctions in certain contexts, but should not operate as a universal principle across equality law. It concludes that a context-based and purpose-oriented approach provides a more convincing framework for balancing sex-based protections and transgender inclusion.For women in Scotland,Equality law,Sex-based rights,Transgender inclusion,Feminist legal theory,Queer theory,Biological determinism

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