APMAdvances in Precision Medicine2424-85922424-9106Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/APM.v11i8.16076ArticlePrediction of Adulteration Levels in Anoectochilus roxburghii Powder Using Multispectral Derivative Fusionhttps://artdesignp.com/journal/APM/11/8/10.26689/APM.v11i8.16076TianPan,LiPeng20261182026-08-26Objective: To determine the extent to which fusion of raw multispectral data with derivative spectra improves prediction of adulteration levels in Anoectochilus roxburghii powder. Methods: Eleven adulteration levels from 0% to 100% were prepared, with 10 independent replicates per level, yielding 110 records. Eight channels were used to derive three representations - raw, first-derivative, and second-derivative spectra - and partial least squares regression was used to compare single-representation and fused inputs. Results: On the test set, the fusion model achieved a coefficient of determination of 0.9965, a root mean square error of 1.859, and a mean absolute error of 1.424. Overall performance exceeded that of the single-representation models, although errors were relatively larger at intermediate adulteration levels. Conclusion: Joint representation of raw intensity, local slope, and curvature may improve prediction accuracy for continuous adulterant proportions while reducing overall bias.Anoectochilus roxburghii, Multispectral spectroscopy, Derivative spectra, Adulteration level, Quantitative prediction

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