<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">erd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Education Reform and Development</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2652-5364</issn><eissn>2652-5372</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/erd.v5i2.6092</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>A Survey of the Literature About the L2 Motivational Self System Theory</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/erd/5/2/10.26689/erd.v5i2.6092</url><author>GongTenglong</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2023-12-29</published-time></date></history><abstract>The second language (L2) motivational self system (L2MSS) literature has been analyzed for this investigation. The results offer a theme-by-theme comprehensive summary of L2MSS research. The field has shown strong growth since 2005, and a wide range of interesting issues have emerged. The most common approach uses cross-sectional data, quantitative techniques, university students, English as the target language, and Asian contexts, including China. A significant discovery of the research is the parallel expansion of studies on multilingualism and English as a foreign language in recent years, suggesting an acknowledgment of the significance of both strands for a thorough comprehension of language learning motivation. This trend implies that the discipline is actively working to overcome its bias toward monolingual speakers and is growing more accommodating to the requirements of a wider variety of language learners. This study provided fresh insight into the conceptual knowledge structure of a topic from a methodological standpoint, highlighting areas for future research and providing insights into knowledge gaps.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dörnyei Z, Ushioda E, 2021, Teaching and Researching Motivation. Third Edition, Routledge, New York.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Boo Z, Dörnyei Z, Ryan S, 2015, L2 Motivation Research 2005–2014: Understanding a Publication Surge and a Changing Landscape. System, 55: 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2015.10.006</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dörnyei Z, 2005, The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. First Edition, Routledge, New York.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dörnyei Z, 2009, The L2 Motivational Self System. In Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self. Multilingual Matters, 9–42. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847691293-003</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Mahmoodi MH, Yousefi M, 2022, Second Language Motivation Research 2010–2019: A Synthetic Exploration. The Language Learning Journal, 50(3): 273–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1869809</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Mendoza A, Phung H, 2019, Motivation to Learn Languages Other Than English: A Critical Research Synthesis. Foreign Language Annals, 52(1): 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12380</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Al-Hoorie AH, 2018, The L2 Motivational Self System: A Meta-Analysis. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(4): 721–754. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.4.2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8" content-type="article"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Yousefi M, Mahmoodi MH, 2022, The L2 Motivational Self-System: A Meta-Analysis Approach. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 32(2): 274–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12416</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9" content-type="article"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Gardner RC, 1985, Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. Edward Arnold, Maryland.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10" content-type="article"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Gardner RC, 2010, Motivation and Second Language Acquisition: The Socio-Educational Model. Peter Lang, Lausanne.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11" content-type="article"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Norton B, 2001, Non-Participation, Imagined Communities and the Language Classroom. In Learner Contributions to Language Learning: New Directions in Research. Pearson Education, Harlow, 159–171.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12" content-type="article"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Higgins ET, 1987, Self-Discrepancy: A Theory Relating Self and Affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13" content-type="article"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Markus H, Nurius P, 1986, Possible Selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954–969. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.9.954</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14" content-type="article"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dörnyei Z, 2019, Towards a Better Understanding of the L2 Learning Experience, the Cinderella of the L2 Motivational Self System. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 9(1): 19–30. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2019.9.1.2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15" content-type="article"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Christenson SL, Reschly AL, Wylie C, 2012, Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. Springer, New York.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B16" content-type="article"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Papi M, Bondarenko AV, Mansouri S, et al., 2019, Rethinking L2 Motivation Research: The 2 × 2 Model of L2 Self-Guides. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 41(2): 337–361. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263118000153</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B17" content-type="article"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Teimouri Y, 2017, L2 Selves, Emotions, and Motivated Behaviors. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 39(4): 681–709. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263116000243</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B18" content-type="article"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Feng L, Papi M, 2020, Persistence in Language Learning: The Role of Grit and Future Self-Guides. Learning and Individual Differences, 81: 101904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101904</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B19" content-type="article"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Papi M, Khajavy GH, 2021, Motivational Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Achievement: A Regulatory Focus Perspective. Language Learning, 71(2): 537–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12443</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B20" content-type="article"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dörnyei Z, Al-Hoorie AH, 2017, The Motivational Foundation of Learning Languages Other Than Global English: Theoretical Issues and Research Directions. The Modern Language Journal, 101(3): 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12408</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B21" content-type="article"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Csizér K, Dörnyei Z, 2005, Language Learners’ Motivational Profiles and Their Motivated Learning Behavior. Language Learning, 55(4): 613–659. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-8333.2005.00319.x</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B22" content-type="article"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Vlaeva D, Dörnyei Z, 2021, Vision Enhancement and Language Learning: A Critical Analysis of Vision-Building in an English for Academic Purposes Programme. Language Teaching Research, 25(6): 946–971. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211014551</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B23" content-type="article"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Khajavy GH, Ghonsooly B, 2017, Predictors of Willingness to Read in English: Testing a Model Based on Possible Selves and Self-Confidence. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(10): 871–885. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2017.1284853</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B24" content-type="article"><label>24</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Peng J-E, 2015, L2 Motivational Self System, Attitudes, and Affect as Predictors of L2 WTC: An Imagined Community Perspective. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 24: 433–443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-014-0195-0</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B25" content-type="article"><label>25</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Serafini EJ, 2020, Further Exploring the Dynamicity, Situatedness, and Emergence of the Self: The Key Role of Context. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 10(1): 133–157. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2020.10.1.7</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B26" content-type="article"><label>26</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Henry A, 2017, L2 Motivation and Multilingual Identities. The Modern Language Journal, 101(3): 548–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12412</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B27" content-type="article"><label>27</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Thompson AS, 2017, Language Learning Motivation in the United States: An Examination of Language Choice and Multilingualism. The Modern Language Journal, 101(3): 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12409</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B28" content-type="article"><label>28</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zheng Y, Lu X, Ren W, 2019, Profiling Chinese University Students’ Motivation to Learn Multiple Languages. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 40(7): 590–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2019.1571074</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B29" content-type="article"><label>29</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Liu M, 2020, The Emotional Basis of the Ideal Multilingual Self: The Case of Simultaneous Language Learners in China. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 43(7): 647–664. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1755294</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B30" content-type="article"><label>30</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wang T, Fisher L, 2023, Using a Dynamic Motivational Self System to Investigate Chinese Undergraduate Learners’ Motivation Towards the Learning of a LOTE: The Role of the Multilingual Self. International Journal of Multilingualism, 20(2): 130–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2020.1863412</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B31" content-type="article"><label>31</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zheng Y, Lu X, Ren W, 2020, Tracking the Evolution of Chinese Learners’ Multilingual Motivation Through a Longitudinal Q Methodology. The Modern Language Journal, 104(4): 781–803. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12672</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B32" content-type="article"><label>32</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Takahashi C, 2019, Developing the Ideal Multilingual Self in the Era of Global English: A Case in the Japanese Context. The Language Learning Journal, 49(3): 358–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2019.1606272</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B33" content-type="article"><label>33</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Henry A, Thorsen C, 2018, The Ideal Multilingual Self: Validity, Influences on Motivation, and Role in a Multilingual Education. International Journal of Multilingualism, 15(4): 349–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2017.1411916</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B34" content-type="article"><label>34</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Ushioda E, 2011, Language Learning Motivation, Self and Identity: Current Theoretical Perspectives. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(3): 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2010.538701</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B35" content-type="article"><label>35</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lee JS, Lee K, 2020, Role of L2 Motivational Self System on Willingness to Communicate of Korean EFL University and Secondary Students. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 49: 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09675-6</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B36" content-type="article"><label>36</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Liu Y, Thompson AS, 2018, Language Learning Motivation in China: An Exploration of the L2MSS and Psychological Reactance. System, 72: 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.09.025</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B37" content-type="article"><label>37</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lamb M, 2012, A Self-System Perspective on Young Adolescents’ Motivation to Learn English in Urban and Rural Settings. Language Learning, 62(4): 997–1023. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2012.00719.x</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B38" content-type="article"><label>38</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Magid M, Chan L, 2012, Motivating English Learners by Helping Them Visualise Their Ideal L2 Self: Lessons from Two Motivational Programmes. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 6(2): 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2011.614693</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B39" content-type="article"><label>39</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Safdari S, 2021, Operationalizing L2 Motivational Self System: Improving EFL Learners’ Motivation Through a Vision Enhancement Program. Language Teaching Research, 25(2): 282–305. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168819846597</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B40" content-type="article"><label>40</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Sato M, 2020, Generating a Roadmap for Possible Selves via a Vision Intervention: Alignment of Second Language Motivation and Classroom Behavior. TESOL Quarterly, 55(2): 427–457. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.611</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B41" content-type="article"><label>41</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Kormos J, Csizer K, 2008, Age-Related Differences in the Motivation of Learning English as a Foreign Language: Attitudes, Selves, and Motivated Learning Behavior. Language Learning, 58(2): 327–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2008.00443.x</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B42" content-type="article"><label>42</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Calafato R, Tang F, 2019, Multilingualism and Gender in the UAE: A Look at the Motivational Selves of Emirati Teenagers. System, 84: 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.06.006</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B43" content-type="article"><label>43</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Henry A, 2009, Gender Differences in Compulsory School Pupils’ L2 Self-Concepts: A Longitudinal Study. System, 37(2): 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2008.11.003</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B44" content-type="article"><label>44</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lasagabaster D, 2016, The Relationship Between Motivation, Gender, L1 and Possible Selves in English-Medium Instruction. International Journal of Multilingualism, 13(3): 315–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2015.1105806</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B45" content-type="article"><label>45</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lanvers U, 2016, Lots of Selves, Some Rebellious: Developing the Self Discrepancy Model for Language Learners. System, 60: 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.05.012</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B46" content-type="article"><label>46</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Thorsen C, Henry A, Cliffordson C, 2020, The Case of a Missing Person? The Current L2 Self and the L2 Motivational Self-System. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(5): 584–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1388356</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B47" content-type="article"><label>47</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Takahashi C, Im S, 2020, Comparing Self-Determination Theory and the L2 Motivational Self System and Their Relationships to L2 Proficiency. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 10(4): 673–696. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2020.10.4.2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B48" content-type="article"><label>48</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Henry A, Cliffordson C, 2013, Motivation, Gender, and Possible Selves. Language Learning, 63(2): 271–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12009</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B49" content-type="article"><label>49</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Nakamura T, 2019, Understanding Motivation for Learning Languages Other Than English: Life Domains of L2 Self. System, 82: 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.03.006</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B50" content-type="article"><label>50</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Kim T-Y, Kim Y, Kim J-Y, 2017, Structural Relationship Between L2 Learning (De)motivation, Resilience, and L2 Proficiency Among Korean College Students. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 26: 397–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-017-0358-x</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B51" content-type="article"><label>51</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Douglas Fir Group, 2016, A Transdisciplinary Framework for SLA in a Multilingual World. The Modern Language Journal, 100(S1): 19–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12301</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B52" content-type="article"><label>52</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>May S, 2019, Negotiating the Multilingual Turn in SLA. The Modern Language Journal, 103(S1): 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12531</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B53" content-type="article"><label>53</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Ushioda E, 2017, The Impact of Global English on Motivation to Learn Other Languages: Toward an Ideal Multilingual Self. The Modern Language Journal, 101(3): 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12413</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B54" content-type="article"><label>54</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Larsen-Freeman D, Cameron L, 2008, Complex Systems and Applied Linguistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B55" content-type="article"><label>55</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Gass S, Loewen S, Plonsky L, 2021, Coming of Age: The Past, Present, and Future of Quantitative SLA Research. Language Teaching, 54(2): 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444819000430</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B56" content-type="article"><label>56</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Ushioda E, 2019, Language Motivation Theory: Re Evaluating the Role of Qualitative Inquiry, or the ‘Wine and Conversation’ Approach. In Contemporary Language Motivation Theory 60 Years Since Gardner and Lambert (1959). Multilingual Matters, Bristol, 194–211.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B57" content-type="article"><label>57</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dunn K, Iwaniec J, 2021, Exploring the Relationship Between Second Language Learning Motivation and Proficiency: A Latent Profiling Approach. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 44(4): 967–997. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263121000759</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B58" content-type="article"><label>58</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Liu M, Oga-Baldwin WLQ, 2022, Motivational Profiles of Learners of Multiple Foreign Languages: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. System, 106: 102762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102762</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B59" content-type="article"><label>59</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Porte G, McManus K, 2019, Doing Replication Research in Applied Linguistics. First Edition, Routledge, New York.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B60" content-type="article"><label>60</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Marsden E, Morgan-Short K, Thompson S, et al., 2018, Replication in Second Language Research: Narrative and Systematic Reviews and Recommendations for the Field. Language Learning, 68(2): 321–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12286</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B61" content-type="article"><label>61</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Hiver P, Al-Hoorie AH, 2020, Reexamining the Role of Vision in Second Language Motivation: A Preregistered Conceptual Replication of You, Dörnyei, and Csizér (2016). Language Learning, 70(1): 48–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12371</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B62" content-type="article"><label>62</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>You CJ, Dörnyei Z, Csizér K, 2016, Motivation, Vision, and Gender: A Survey of Learners of English in China: Motivation, Vision, and Gender. Language Learning, 66(1): 94–123. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12140</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B63" content-type="article"><label>63</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Al-Hoorie AH, Hiver P, In’nami Y, 2023, The Validation Crisis in the L2 Motivational Self-System Tradition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2023: 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263123000487</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
