erdEducation Reform and Development2652-53642652-5372Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/erd.v7i6.11033ArticlePrinciples and Applications of Ultrasonic Waves Based on Single-chip Microcontrollerhttps://artdesignp.com/journal/erd/7/6/10.26689/erd.v7i6.11033ChangSheng2025762025-07-07Ultrasonic ranging is a technology for measuring distance based on the characteristics of ultrasonic waves, which is widely used in fields such as robot obstacle avoidance, industrial inspection, and automotive parking sensors. This paper aims to design an intelligent vehicle experiment based on ultrasonic ranging. The ultrasonic module is used to achieve ranging, enabling the intelligent vehicle to perform obstacle avoidance functions. By analyzing the voltage regulation function of the power supply module and the principle of the DC motor drive module, the voltage regulation and drive modules are designed. The single-chip microcontroller is meticulously designed to receive information from the Wi-Fi module and output corresponding control signals to generate PWM waveforms, thereby controlling the rotation and speed of the motor.

Hu L, Fu L, 2018, Design of Ultrasonic Ranging Based on STC89C52 Single-Chip Microcontroller. Instrumentation Technology, 2018(2): 33–35.

Meng Z, 2019, Design of Ultrasonic Guide System Based on HC-SR04. Electronic Design Engineering, 27(21): 136–139.

Yan Y, 2024, Design of a Simple Ultrasonic Guide System Based on a Single-Chip Microcontroller. Science and Technology & Innovation, 2024(23): 39–41.

Zhang Y, Pei X, Fu S, 2014, Design of an Intelligent Trajectory-Tracking Car Based on a Single-Chip Microcontroller. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 33(3): 51–54.

Lan H, 2010, PWM Control Technology of Single-Chip Microcontrollers. Industrial Control Computer, 23(3): 97–98.

Li W, Han X, Li J, 2004, Implementation of a DC Motor PWM Speed-Regulation System Using Software Based on a Single-Chip Microcontroller. Mechatronics, 10(5): 49–51.

Huang S, Liu P, Bai X, Zhang Y, 2018, Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Vehicle Control System Based on STM32. Computer Technology and Development, 28(9): 185–188 + 193.

Yu Z, Wang Y, Liu J, 2024, Design of an Intelligent Trajectory-Tracking Car Based on a GD32 Single-Chip Microcontroller. Mechanical Engineering & Automation, 2024(1): 149–150 + 154.

Qiu Y, 2023, Design and Development of an Intelligent Path-Recognition Vehicle Control System Based on a Single-Chip Microcontroller. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 2023(14): 195–198.

Chen M, Hu B, Huang C, 2016, Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Trajectory-Tracking and Obstacle-Avoiding Car Based on a Single-Chip Microcontroller. Intelligent Robot, 2016(4): 47–51.

Zhou R, 2020, Single-Chip Microcontroller Technology and Its Applications. 2nd Edition. Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing.

Zhang X, Jiang Q, Zhuang Y, et al., 2022, Integration of Course Content and Reconstruction of Resources for the Course “C Language, Single-Chip Microcontroller Technology and Its Applications”. Science & Technology Vision, 2022(25): 153–155.

Zhang Y, Peng X, Peng Y, 2010, Principles and Applications of Single - Chip Microcontrollers. Higher Education Press, Beijing.

Liu M, Miao W, Yu Y, 2020, Design of an Intelligent Car Based on AT89C52 Single - Chip Microcontroller. Internal Combustion Engine & Parts, 2020(2): 214–216.

Tang Z, He X, 2024, Design of an Intelligent Car Based on STM32 Single - Chip Microcontroller. Electronics Production, 32(1): 36–41.