<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">erd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Education Reform and Development</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2652-5364</issn><eissn>2652-5372</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/erd.v8i2.14323</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Challenges of Implementing Blended Learning in Science Experiment Courses: An Empirical Study on Science College Teachers in Hebei Province</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/erd/8/2/10.26689/erd.v8i2.14323</url><author>XinJiayi</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2026-03-31</published-time></date></history><abstract>Science college teachers in Hebei, China, face core challenges in blended science experiment courses: insufficient digital literacy, difficult remote lab supervision, low online engagement, poor infrastructure, lack of targeted training, and inadequate online-offline integration. Based on Social Learning and Constructivist Theories, this quantitative study surveyed 245 randomly sampled teachers from 7 Hebei normal colleges. Results reveal a strong positive correlation between blended teaching challenges and strategy application. It provides Hebei’s science education stakeholders with targeted insights, emphasizing discipline-specific frameworks for experimental courses.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Thenmozhi T, Vijayan S, Sharmila, 2024, Blended Approach Towards Teaching-Learning for a New Era of the 21st Century. GRTJEST, 2(1): 22. https://doi.org/10.26452/grtjest.v2i1.22</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Bandara N, Pathiranage BJ, 2024, Commentary on the Applications of Blended Learning in the Teaching and Learning Process – A Review. JREP, 1(2): 83–97.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Herdi H, Fauzan F, Asih RA, et al., 2024, Unleashing EFL Learning in The Digital Age: Online Resources and Student Engagement. JEELLS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 11(2): 1007–1028.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Nurmatov ZO, Tursunpulatova KA, Nasriddinova ZN, 2023, The Role of Multimedia Technologies in Teaching Foreign Languages. International Conference on Science, Engineering &amp; Technology, 1(1): 99–103.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Alhassan MD, Adam IO, 2021, The Effects of Digital Inclusion and ICT Access on the Quality of Life: A Global Perspective. Technology in Society, 64: 101511.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wen L, Pan J, Zhao Y, et al., 2023, Research and Practice on the Teaching Method of “PAD Classroom” Under the Blended Model. The 7th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2022), 1(1): 345–353.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Pacadaljen L M, 2024, Hurdling Obstructions on Instructional Management of Science Teachers in Schools with Challenging Laboratory Resources. Environment &amp; Social Psychology, 9(10): 60–63.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8" content-type="article"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zhang Y, Yang Y, Chu Y, et al., 2024, Virtual Laboratories in Science Education: Unveiling Trajectories, Themes, and Emerging Paradigms (2013-2023). Journal of Baltic Science Education, 23(5): 990–1009.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9" content-type="article"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Nurmatov ZO, Tursunpulatova KA, Nasriddinova ZN, 2023, The Role of Multimedia Technologies in Teaching Foreign Languages. International Conference on Science, Engineering &amp; Technology, 1(1): 99–103.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10" content-type="article"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Toropova A, Myrberg E, Johansson S, 2021, Teacher Job Satisfaction: The Importance of School Working Conditions and Teacher Characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1): 71–97.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11" content-type="article"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Moraes SA, 2023, Blended Learning in Higher Education: An Approach, a Model, and Two Frameworks. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 4(1): Article 820.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12" content-type="article"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Rumjaun A, Narod F, 2020, Social Learning Theory – Albert Bandura. Science Education in Theory and Practice: An Introductory Guide to Learning Theory, 85–99.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13" content-type="article"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>David DJ, 2022, Constructivism. Routledge, London.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14" content-type="article"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Garrison DR, Vaughan ND, 2008, Blended Learning in Higher Education: Framework, Principles, and Guidelines. Jossey-Bass, New Jersey.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15" content-type="article"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Alammary A, 2019, Blended Learning Models for Introductory Programming Courses: A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE, 14(9): e0221765.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
