erdEducation Reform and Development2652-53642652-5372Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/erd.v8i4.14986ArticlePractical Path Exploration of Low-Structure Materials Supporting Spatial Orientation Cognition in Young Children (Junior Classes)https://artdesignp.com/journal/erd/8/4/10.26689/erd.v8i4.14986ZhangJing2026842026-06-03Spatial orientation perception is an important part of mathematical cognitive enlightenment and physical and mental development in preschool children. Based on the age characteristics of junior-class children and one-year teaching practice, this study deeply explores the effective role of unstructured (low-structure) materials in cultivating children’s sense of spatial orientation. The study points out that low-structure materials, with their open-ended, operable and life-based characteristics, can effectively stimulate children to independently explore, understand and apply spatial orientation concepts in specific situations. From three dimensions: material delivery strategies, teaching activity organization and teacher guidance methods, this paper systematically expounds the practical paths of how low-structure materials promote the development of spatial orientation cognition in junior-class children, and summarizes universally meaningful and replicable implementation suggestions, aiming to provide references for relevant education and teaching activities in kindergartens.

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