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<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IEF</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Education Forum</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>3083-4902</issn><eissn>2981-8605</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/ief.v4i4.14872</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Empowerment-Oriented New-Form Textbooks for Vocational Education: Theoretical Model, Core Contradictions and Construction Paths</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/IEF/4/4/10.26689/ief.v4i4.14872</url><author>LiuYing,ShiYan,SunYu</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2026-04-28</published-time></date></history><abstract>Driven by policies such as the National Implementation Plan for Vocational Education Reform, the development of new-form textbooks has become a key focus of vocational education reform. This study constructs a theoretical model of the “Three-Dimensional Empowerment Concentric Circle” to systematically explain the empowerment logic of new-form textbooks; analyzes four pairs of core contradictions: policy versus implementation, content versus industry, design versus application, and subject versus evaluation; and proposes a systematic construction path covering five dimensions: standard reconstruction, content restructuring, teaching method reshaping, evaluation integration, and ecological co-construction. This paper aims to provide theoretical references and practical guidelines for solving dilemmas in the development of new-form textbooks, and to push vocational education textbooks back to a competence-based and student-centered orientation.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>The State Council, 2019, National Implementation Plan for Vocational Education Reform (Guo Fa [2019] No. 4).</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>European Commission, 2008, The European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning (EQF). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Jiang DY, 2007, Structural Logic of Systematic Work Process Curriculum. Education and Vocation, 2007(13): 5–7.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Shi HL, Qian XH, Liu CY, 2024, Main Characteristics, Practical Review and Development Strategies of New-Form Textbooks for Vocational Education. Vocational and Technical Education, 2024(45): 6–10.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Cai Y, Wang C, Li J, 2021, Key Points for Developing New Loose-Leaf Textbooks for Vocational Education. Chinese Vocational and Technical Education, 2021(11): 77–82.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wang C, Yang M, 2025, Shandong University Smart Learning Innovation Center Platform Launched Trial Operation. Shandong University News Network, September 14, 2025.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Yang YH, 2025, Cultivate Wisdom and Develop Textbooks with Concentrated Efforts. China Education Daily, April 11, 2025, 3.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
