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<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JARD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Architectural Research and Development</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2208-3529</issn><eissn>2208-3537</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/jard.v10i3.15078</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Technical Condition and Disease Analysis of Civil Structure of Highway Tunnels in Hebei Province</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/JARD/10/3/10.26689/jard.v10i3.15078</url><author>XieLiangkun,ZhouZhihong,ZhangFaqiu,YaoChengrui</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2026-06-11</published-time></date></history><abstract>Based on the latest regular inspection data of civil engineering structures from 639 highway tunnels in Hebei Province, this article reveals the relationship between different road technical grades, tunnel types, and the technical conditions of civil engineering structures through multi-dimensional statistical analysis of technical conditions. It also analyzes and summarizes the frequently occurring sub-items of tunnel civil engineering structural defects, as well as common defect types and causes. This has important practical value for tunnel maintenance and management units to optimize maintenance strategies and improve management and maintenance levels.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zhou Z, Yan L, Zhang J, et al., 2022, Current Status and Prospects of Intelligent Recognition of Apparent Defects in Highway Tunnels Based on Deep Learning. China Civil Engineering Journal, 55(S2): 38–48.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Liu W, Wang S, Qin Z, 2019, Discussion on Regular Inspection and Maintenance of Highway Tunnels. Tunnel Construction (Chinese and English), 39(S1): 486–491.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Luo Z, Zhou R, Luo J, et al., 2023, Research on DERU Testing and Evaluation Technology for Civil Structures of Highway Tunnels in Karst Areas. Modern Tunnel Technology, 60(05): 243–253.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zheng K, Chen H, Zhang G, 2024, Research on Knowledge Graph and Visualization of Civil Structure Defects in Operational Highway Tunnels. Journal of Highway and Transportation Technology, 40(06): 140–147 + 156.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Chen Y, Xiang Y, Li J, et al., 2024, Analysis of Civil Structure Defects in Highway Tunnels and Maintenance Suggestions. Engineering Technology Research, 9(08): 124–127.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wang J, 2017, Statistics and Analysis of Tunnel Defects and Their Causes in Guizhou Province's Highways. Highway, 62(07): 335–340.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Chongqing Transportation Commission, 2015, Technical Specifications for Maintenance of Highway Tunnels: JTGH12—2015. Beijing, People’s Communication Press.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
