<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCER</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Educational Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2208-8466</issn><eissn>2208-8474</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/jcer.v3i4.758</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Past and Present: Historical Views in Graham Swift's Waterland</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/JCER/3/4/10.26689/jcer.v3i4.758</url><author>JiaoWei</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2019-07-10</published-time></date></history><abstract>Abstract: The semi-autobiographical novel Waterland by twentieth-century British writer Graham Swift has been recognized as a popular work by British literary critics. Under the guidance of Mikhail Bakhtin's theory of the literary chronotope, this paper analyses both the various types of chronotope in the novel as well as the author's historical view between different times and spaces through the dialogue.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Bakhtin, Mikhail. The Complete Works of Bakhtin (Volume III). (trans. Bai Chunren &amp; Xiaohe). Hebei Education Press, 1998.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Pan Yueqin. â€œA Preliminary Study of Bakhtinâ€™s Theory of Chronotopeâ€. Russian Art, No. 3, 2005, pp. 60-63.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zhang Xiaofeng. â€œChronotopeâ€. Foreign Literature, No. 2, 2018, pp. 87-96.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Swift, Graham. Waterland. (trans. Guo Guoliang) Yilin Press, 2009.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Xiaohe: â€œBakhtinâ€™s Chronotope Theoryâ€. Soviet Literature, Vol. 1, 1991, pp. 7.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
