JCERJournal of Contemporary Educational Research2208-84662208-8474Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/jcer.v9i10.12112ArticleStudy on the Long-Term Cognitive Effects of Excessive LLM Use Among Students and General Usershttps://artdesignp.com/journal/JCER/9/10/10.26689/jcer.v9i10.12112LiBingzhi20259102025-11-10Artificial intelligence, especially large language models (LLMs), is reshaping how we learn, communicate, and create. These systems provide students and professionals immediate access to fluent, context-aware language that can support learning, increase productivity, and spark creativity. But what happens when their use becomes excessive? This paper explores the potential long-term consequences of over-relying on LLMs—particularly memory, critical thinking, creativity, and motivation. Drawing on research in cognitive psychology, education, neuroscience, and media studies, it argues that LLMs are best understood as cognitive prostheses: incredibly valuable when used wisely, but risky when they replace rather than support human imagination.

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