JCNRJournal of Clinical and Nursing Research2208-36852208-3693Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/jcnr.v5i4.2375ArticleProgress in Diagnosis and Endoscopic Treatment of Stanford B Penetrating Aortic Ulcershttps://artdesignp.com/journal/JCNR/5/4/10.26689/jcnr.v5i4.2375YanLei-lei,LiuQingran,ZhangChengde2021542021-08-04Penetrating aortic ulcers is rare in clinical practice, and it is necessary to intervene in this type of aortic perforating ulcer because it can be accompanied by major arterial dissection and intermural hematoma. With the widespread application and technical advancement of follow-up thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR), endovascular treatment has become the first choice for symptomatic aortic perforating ulcers. In this review, we will review the diagnosis, diagnosis and endovascular treatment of aortic perforating ulcer.

Stanson AW, Kazmier FJ, Hollier LH, et al., 1986, Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Thoracic Aorta: Natural History and Clinicopathologic Correlations. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 1: 15–23.

Harris JA, Bis KG, Glover JL, et al., 1994, Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Aorta. J. Vasc. 4 Surg. 19: 90–8.

Shennan T, 1934, Dissecting Aneurysms. Medical Research Council, Special Report Series No. 193, HSMO, London.

Ganaha F, Miller DC, Sugimoto K, et al., 2002, Prognosis of Aortic Intramural Hematoma With and Without Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer: A Clinical and Radiological Analysis. Circulation, 106: 342–8. 762 Georgiadis et al. © 2013 The Authors ANZ Journal of Surgery © 2013 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

Hyhlik-Dürr A, Geisbüsch P, Kotelis D, Böckler D, 2010, Endovascular Repair of Infrarenal Penetrating Aortic Ulcers: A Single-Center Experience in 20 Patients. J. Endovasc. Ther. 17: 510–4.

Nienaber CA, Ince H, Petzsch M et al., 2002, Endovascular Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Dissection and its Variants. Acta Chir. Belg. 102: 292–8.

Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Hammond GL, et al., 1998, Penetrating Ulcer of the Thoracic Aorta: What is it? How do We Recognize it? How do We Manage it? J Vasc Surg, 27:1006e16. 6.

Roldan CJ, 2011, Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Thoracic Aorta: Do Emergency Physicians Need to Worry?, J Emerg Med Epub ahead of print.

Sundt TM, 2007, Intramural Hematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Aorta. Ann Thorac Surg, 83:S835–S841; discussion S846–S85.

Svensson LG, Kouchoukos NT, Miller DC, et al., 2008, Expert Consensus Document on the treatment of Descending Thoracic Aortic Disease using Endovascularstent-Grafts. Ann Thorac Surg, 85:S1–S41,

Patel HJ, Williams DM, Dasika NL, et al., 2010, The Challenge of Associated Intramural Hematomawith Endovascular Repair for Penetrating Ulcers of the Descending Thoracic Aorta. J Vasc Surg, 51:829–835.

Gottardi R, Zimpfer D, Funovics M, et al., 2008, Mid-Term Results after Endovascularstent-Graft Placement due to Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Aorta. EurJ Cardiothorac Surg, 33:1019–1024.

Bischoff MS, Geisbüsch P, Peters AS, et al., 2011, Ulcers of the Aorta. 36(6), 498–504. doi:10.1007/s00059-011-3513-9.

Kodolitsch Y von, Nienaber CA, 1998, Ulcer of the Thoracic Aorta: Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis. Z Kardiol 87:917–927

Stamou SC, Kouchoukos NT, 2011, Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol, 57:1327.

Kuehl H, Eggebrecht H, Boes T, et al., 2008, Detection of Inflammation in Patients with Acute Aortic Syndrome: Comparison of FDG-PET/CT Imaging and Serological Markers of Inflammation. Heart, 94:1472–1477.

Geisbusch P, Kotelis D, Weber TF, et al., 2008, Early and Midterm Results after Endovascularstent Graft Repair of Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Aorta. J Vasc Surg, 48:1361–13.

Coselli JS, Conklin LD, LeMaire SA, 2002, Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Review and Update of Current Strategies. Ann Thorac Surg, 74:S1881–S1884; discussion S1892–S1888.

Estrera AL, Rubenstein FS, Miller CC 3rd, et al., 2001, Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Surgical Approach and Treatment Using the Adjuncts Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage and Distal Aortic Perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg, 72:481– 486.

Estrera AL, Miller CC 3rd, Chen EP et al., 2005, Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair: 12-Year Experience Using Distal Aortic Perfusion and Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage. Ann Thorac Surg, 80:1290– 1296; discussion 1296.

Wong DR, Parenti JL, Green SY, et al., 2011, Open Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Modern Surgical Era: Contemporary Outcomes in 509 Patients. J Am Coll Surg, 212:569–579; discussion 579–581.

Cho KR, Stanson AW, Potter DD, et al., 2004, Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers in the Descending Thoracic Aorta and Arch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 127:1393–1399; discussion 1399–1401 9. Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Ha.

Tittle SL, Lynch RJ, Cole PE, et al., 2002, Midterm Follow-Up of Penetrating Ulcer and Intramural Hematoma of the Aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 123:1051–1059.

Eggebrecht H, Plicht B, Kahlert P, Erbel R, 2009, Intramural Hematoma and Penetrating Ulcers: Indicationsto Endovascular Treatment. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 38:659–665.

Giles KA, Pomposelli F, Hamdan A, et al., 2009, Decrease in Total Aneurysm-Related Deathsin the Era of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. J Vasc Surg, 49:543–550; discussion 550–541.

Lansman SL, Saunders PC, Malekan R, Spielvogel D, 2010, Acute Aortic Syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 140:S92–S97; discussion S142–S146.

Demers P, Miller DC, Mitchell RS, et al., 2004, Stent-Graft Repair of Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers in the Descending Thoracic Aorta: Early and Mid-Term Results. Ann Thorac Surg, 77:81– 86.

Brinster DR, Wheatley GH 3rd, Williams J, et al., 2006, Are penetrating aortic ulcers best treated using an endovascular approach? Ann Thorac Surg, 82:1688-1691.

Botta L, Buttazzi K, Russo V, et al., 2008, Endovascular Repair for Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Descending Thoracic Aorta: Early and Mid-Term Results. Ann Thorac Surg, 85:987–992.

Scharrer-Pamler R, Kotsis T, Kapfer X, et al., 2003, Complications after Endovascular Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. J Endovasc Ther, 10:711–718.

Schelzig H, 2004, Endovaskuläre Therapie Des Symptomatischen Aortenulkus. Gefasschirurgie, 201–208.

Amabile P, Grisoli D, Giorgi R, BartoliJM, Piquet P (2008) Incidence and Determinants of Spinal Cord Ischaemia in Stent-Graft Repair of the Thoracic Aorta. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg, 35:455–461.