JCNRJournal of Clinical and Nursing Research2208-36852208-3693Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/jcnr.v8i2.6160ArticleResearch Progress on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Tourette Syndrome in Childrenhttps://artdesignp.com/journal/JCNR/8/2/10.26689/jcnr.v8i2.6160HeTing,NiuQian,LiangRuimiao,ZhuYafei,GuanYao2024822024-02-26Tourette syndrome is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects the physical and mental health of children. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial to prevent serious impacts on the affected children, their families, and society. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards using a combination of methods in the clinical treatment of children with Tourette syndrome. This approach has achieved remarkable results, leading to a reduction in the rate of Tourette syndrome symptoms in children. In recent years, a combination of clinical methods has been used to treat children with Tourette syndrome, resulting in significant improvement in control rates. This article reviews the etiology of infantile Tourette syndrome and the progress made in Chinese and Western medicine treatments, providing a reference for further treatment of the condition.

Stern JS, 2018, Tourette’s Syndrome and its Borderland. Pract Neurol., 18(4): 262–270. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2017-001755

Gong M, Hu J, Zhang J, et al., 2020, Analysis of Environmental Psychological Factors in Children with Tourette Syndrome. J China Public Health Management, 36(1): 59–62. https://doi.org/10.19568/j.cnki.23-1318.2020.01.015

Cavanna AE, 2018, Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome as a Para-Digmatic Neuropsychiatric Disorder. CNS Spectr, 23(3): 213–218.

Deng H, Gao K, Jankovic, J, 2012, The Genetics of Tourette Syndrome. Nat Rev Neurol, 8: 203–213. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2012.26

Zilhão NR, Olthof MC, Smit DJ, et al., 2016, Heritability of Tic Disorders: A Twin Family Study. Psychol Med, 47(6): 1085–1096. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002981

Qi Y, Zheng Y, Li Z, et al., 2019, Genetic Studies of Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome. Methods Mol Biol, 2011: 547–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_32

Wang X, Ying X, 2021, Comparison of the Clinical Effects of Thiabendazole and Haloperidol in the Treatment of Adolescent Tic Disorders. J China Modern Doctor, 59(22): 28–31.

Fu M, 2021, Effectiveness of Thiabendazole in the Treatment of Children with Multiple Tic Disorders. J Medical Equipment, 34(13): 93–94.

Luo Y, Yang H, Lin W, 2018, Comparison of the Clinical Effects of Different Drugs in Treating Children with Tourette Syndrome. J of Clinical Rational Drug Use, 11(29): 16–17. https://doi.org/10.15887/j.cnki.13-1389/r.2018.29.008

Scahill L, Chappell PB, King RA, et al., 2000, Pharmacologic Treatment of Tic Disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 9(1): 99–117.

Osland ST, Steeves TD, Pringsheim T, 2018, Pharmacological Treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children with Comorbid Tic Disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 6(6): CD007990. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007990.pub3

Roessner V, Eichele H, Stern JS, Skov L, Rizzo R, Debes NM, Nagy P, Cavanna AE, Termine C, Ganos C, Münchau A, Szejko N, Cath D, Müller-Vahl KR, Verdellen C, Hartmann A, Rothenberger A, Hoekstra PJ, Plessen KJ, 2022, European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part III: pharmacological treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 31(3): 425–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01899-z

Li H, Dong H, Wang B, et al., 2018, Research Progress of Psychoeducational and Behavioural Intervention Treatment for Children with Tic Disorders. Chinese J of Contemporary Pediatrics, 20(11): 968–973.

Bevan Jones R, Thapar A, Stone Z, et al., 2018, Psychoeducational Interventions in Adolescent Depression: A Systematic Review. Patient Educ Couns, 101(5): 804–816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.10.015

Goussé V, Czernecki V, Denis P, et al., 2016, Impact of Perceived Stress, Anxiety-Depression and Social Support on

Coping Strategies of Parents Having a Child with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 30(1): 109–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2015.08.017

Hwang GC, Tillberg CS, Scahill L, 2012, Habit Reversal Training for Children with Tourette Syndrome: Update and Review. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs, 25(4): 178–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12002

Huang G, Liang F, Chen J, et al., 2018, Comparison of the Efficacy of Habit Reversal Training and Psychological Intervention in the Treatment of Tic Disorders through the Network Pathway. J Chinese Medical Science, 8(13): 27–30.

Franklin SA, Walther MR, Woods DW, 2010, Behavioral Interventions for Tic Disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 33(3): 641–655. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.013

Gina S, 2019, New AAN Guideline for Tourette Syndrome and Tics, American Academy of Neurology, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000559566.44304.ed

Xu W, 2019, Clinical Application of Integrated Behavioural Intervention Therapy for Tourette’s Syndrome and its Investigation and Research on Children’s Quality of Life Status, dissertation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, https://doi.org/10.27307/d.cnki.gsjtu.2019.002253

Lefaucheur JP, Aleman A, Baeken C, et al., 2020, Evidence-based Guidelines on the Therapeutic Use of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS): An Update. Clin Neurophysiol, 131(2): 474–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2019.11.002

Panfeng W, Yong S, 2019, Analysis of the Efficacy of Low-Frequency and High-frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette’s Syndrome. Electronic J of Integrative Cardiovascular Disease of Chinese and Western Medicine, 7(4): 174–175. https://doi.org/10.16282/j.cnki.cn11-9336/r.2019.04.130

Sun J, 2021, Observation on the Efficacy of Low-Frequency and High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette’s Syndrome. J China Medical Guide, 19(21): 38–39.

Krauss JK, Lipsman N, Aziz T, et al., 2021, Technology of Deep Brain Stimulation: Current Status and Future Directions. Nat Rev Neurol, 17(2): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-00426-z

Yu-Hui L, Kai Z, Zhao GD, et al., 2017 Stereotactic Minimally Invasive Surgery for Refractory Tic Disorders. J of Practical Clinical Medicine, 21(17): 109–110.

Wang J, Xu XH, 2016, Clinical Study of Colistin Transdermal Patch in the Treatment of 58 cases of Tourette’s Syndrome in Children. Chinese J of Child Health Care, 24(9): 1002–1005.

Du Y, 2007, Progress of Clinical Application of Colistin Transdermal Patch. Shanghai Psychiatry, (3): 179–181.

Rong P, Ma R, Han XM, et al., 2019, Chinese Medicine Pediatrics Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines Tourette’s Syndrome (Revised). J of Chinese Medicine Pediatrics, 15(6): 1–6.

Liu HL, Liu SH, Yang YH, 2020, A Visualization Study of Domestic and International Research Papers on Tic Disorders in Children in the Last 5 Years. Chinese J of Child Health, 28(12): 1363–1368.

Lin XH, Wen XY, Chen XM, 2021, Clinical Experience in Treating Pediatric Tourette’s Syndrome from Liver-Spleen Theory with Massage by Professor Luo Smile. Chinese Ethnic and Folk Medicine, 30(23): 81–84.

Liu Z, Liu L, Liu J, et al., 2020, Wang Youpeng’s Experience in Treating Pediatric Multiple Tic Disorders from Dampness-Heat Theory. Liaoning J of Chinese Medicine, 47(1): 32–35. https://doi.org/10.13192/j.issn.1000-1719.2020.01.009

Yang L, Xin K, Qian R, 2019, Treatment of Pediatric Multiple Tic Disorders from the Theory of Heart and Liver. J China Traditional Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education, 17(17): 82–83.

Xu L, Xu S, 2020, Professor Zhou De’an’s Experience in Treating Children with Multiple Tic Disorders by Identifying Deficiency and Reality. J Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35(10): 1560–1561.

Yang X, Li G, Yao S, 2022, Literature Study on the Distribution of Symptoms and Medication Pattern of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome. J Chinese Medicine Clinical Research, 14(8): 19–23.

Yangling Z, 2018, Study on the Relationship between Pediatric Constitution and Tourette Syndrome. J Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine, 33(3): 419–421.

Mu Q, Wu G, Zhou P, 2019, Clinical Observation of Taixi Acupuncture in Treating Pediatric Tic Disorder. J of Practical Chinese Medicine, 35(5): 599–600.

Hu T, 2018, Clinical Observation of 40 Cases of Pediatric Tourette’s Syndrome Treated by Burr Needle Method. Zhejiang J of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 53(9): 686.

Wu H, Huang W, Shen W, 2021, A Study on the Efficacy of Quick-Prick Method in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome. Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Journal, 37(9): 49–52. https://doi.org/10.19917/j.cnki.1005-0779.021182

Yan W, Chao M, Kai D, et al., 2019, Observation on the Clinical Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupoint Application with Auricular Pressure Method in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette’s Syndrome. World Digest of Recent Medical Information, 19(48): 184–189. https://doi.org/10.19613/j.cnki.1671-3141.2019.48.124

Yuan Z, 2018, Treatment of Pediatric Tourette’s Syndrome by Chinese Medicine Acupoint Application with Auricular Pressure Method. Electronic J of Clinical Medicine Literature, 5(24): 178.

Niu Q, Mu Z, Jiao F, 2016, Treatment of 36 cases of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome with External Patch of Traditional Chinese Medicine. J Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37(12): 1615–1616.

Li Q, 2021, Clinical Study on the Treatment of Transient Tic Disorder (Spleen Deficiency and Liver Hyperactivity Type) based on Meridian Discernment and Massage, dissertation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. https://doi.org/10.27282/d.cnki.gsdzu.2021.000389

Chen Y, 2018, Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of “Cultivating Soil, Suppressing Wood and Extinguishing Wind” Massage Method on Children’s Tic Disorders, dissertation, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

He T, 2019, Clinical Efficacy Observation of Liao’s Massage Method for the Treatment of Transient Tic Disorder in Children, dissertation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. https://doi.org/10.26988/d.cnki.gcdzu.2019.000076

Yang Z, Tao Y, Xie X, et al., 2019, Observation on Clinical Efficacy of Chinese Medicine Chiropractic Treatment for Children with Tourette Syndrome. Chinese Medicine Clinical Research, 11(30): 147–148.