JCNRJournal of Clinical and Nursing Research2208-36852208-3693Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/jcnr.v8i5.7308ArticleConceptual Analysis of Self-Management in Patients with Hypertensionhttps://artdesignp.com/journal/JCNR/8/5/10.26689/jcnr.v8i5.7308YangLi,HaoYutian,ZhongLiling,XuShilin,ZhongSaiqiong,LuYanying,LiuHui2024852024-06-21Objective: To clarify the concept of self-management in hypertensive patients by analyzing the definition, attributes, and measurement tools through a literature review. Methods: An Internet-based search of the databases was conducted using Academic Search Complete, Medical Line, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Scholarly Edition, and Google Scholar. In the search process, keywords or free text were combined by using Boolean operators, with the search terms “self of management” or “self-management,” “concept*analysis” or “concept*definition,” and Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method was used. Results: Analysis of relevant literature summarized the conceptual attributes of self-management in hypertensive patients as the active participation of patients in the treatment process; the presence of interaction provided by patients and health care providers; the use of certain health management tools; and the aim of maintaining and improving the health status and living capacity of hypertensive patients. Conclusion: The concept of self-management for hypertensive patients was clarified, which helps to promote the application of hypertensive self-management in clinical work and improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with hypertension.

Farazian F, Moghadam ZE, Nabavi FH, et al., 2019, Model on Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Evidence-Based Care Journal, 9(2): 44–52. http://doi.org/10.22038/ebcj.2019.36466.1944

Manjula HS, Shetty HV, Usha SMR, et al., 2015, Albumin Creatinine Ratio a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Essential Hypertension. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology, 14(3): 499–506.

Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al., 2016, Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies from 90 Countries. Circulation, 134(6): 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018912

Chodosh J, Morton SC, Mojica W, et al., 2005, Meta-Analysis: Chronic Disease Self-Management Programs for Older Adults. Ann Intern Med, 143(6): 427–438. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-6-200509200-00007

Davies F, Wood F, Bullock A, et al., 2017, Interventions to Improve The Self-Management Support Health Professionals Provide for People with Progressive Neurological Conditions: Protocol for a Realist Synthesis. BMJ Open, 7(3): e014575. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014575

American Diabetes Association, 2017, Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes–2017: Summary of Revisions. Diabetes Care, 40(S1): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-S003

Franek J, 2013, Self-Management Support Interventions for Persons with Chronic Disease: An Evidence-Based Analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser, 13(9): 1–60.

Davy C, Bleasel J, Liu H, et al., 2015, Effectiveness of Chronic Care Models: Opportunities for Improving Healthcare Practice and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. BMC Health Serv Res, 15: 194. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-0854-8

Khajeh FK, Pezeshki MZ, Ghaffarifar S, et al., 2019, Development of the Persian Hypertension Self-Management Questionnaire. International Cardiovascular Research Journal, 13(1): e83035.

McBain H, Shipley M, Newman S, 2015, The Impact of Self-Monitoring in Chronic Illness on Healthcare Utilization: A Systematic Review of Reviews. BMC Health Serv Res, 15: 565. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-1221-5

Jiang JL, 2020, IT-Enabled Self-Monitoring for Chronic Disease Self-Management: An Interdisciplinary Review. MIS Quarterly, 44(1b): 451–508. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2020/15108

Balduino AFA, Mantovani MF, Lacerda MR, et al., 2016, Experience of Hypertensive Patients with Self-Management of Health Care. J Adv Nurs, 72(11): 2684–2694. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13022

Cairns AE, Tucker KL, Crawford C, et al., 2020, Implementing Self-Management: A Mixed Methods Study of Women’s Experiences of a Postpartum Hypertension Intervention (SNAP-HT). Trials, 21(1): 508. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13063-020-04394-Z

Minet L, Møller S, Vach W, et al., 2010, Mediating the Effect of Self-Care Management Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of 47 Randomized Controlled Trials. Patient Educ Couns, 80(1): 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.09.033

Walker LO, Avant KC, 2011, Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing. Prentice Hall, Boston.

Walker LO, Avant KC, 2005, Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing. Pearson/Prentice Hall, Hoboken.

The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary: Chinese-English Edition (2002 Enlarged Edition, First Edition), n.d., 2002. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Beijing.

Oxford English Dictionary, n.d., 1884. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Fraser R, Ehde D, Amtmann D, et al., 2013, Self-Management for People with Multiple Sclerosis: Report from the First International Consensus Conference. Int J MS Care, 15(2): 99–106. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2012-044

Banitalebi S, Etemadifar S, Kheiri S, et al., 2020, The Effect of Implementing Self-Management Plan on Self-Concept of Family Caregivers of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 22(2): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.34172/jsums.2020.12

Manz CC, Sims HP, 1980, Self-Management as a Substitute for Leadership: A Social Learning Theory Perspective. Academy of Management Review, 5(3): 361–368. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1980.4288845

Lorig KR, Holman H, 2003, Self-Management Education: History, Definition, Outcomes, and Mechanisms. Ann Behav Med, 26(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324796ABM2601_01

Rogers A, 2011, Social Networks, Work and Network-Based Resources for the Management of Long-Term Conditions: A Framework and Study Protocol for Developing Self-Care Support. Implement Sci, 6: 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-6-56

Holroyd KA, Creer TL, 1986, Self-Management of Chronic Disease: Hand-Book of Clinical Interventions and Research. Academic Pessr, Inc., Orlando.

Yeung A, 2010, Self-Management of Depression: A Manual for Mental Health and Primary Care Professionals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Barlow J, Wright C, Sheasby J, et al., 2002, Self-Management Approaches for People with Chronic Conditions. Patient Educ Couns, 48(2): 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00032-0

Lorig KR, Sobel DS, Stewart AL, et al., 1999, Evidence Suggesting that a Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Can Improve Health Status While Reducing Hospitalization: A Randomized Trial. Med Care, 37(1): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199901000-00003

Schaffler J, Leung K, Tremblay S, et al., 2018, The Effectiveness of Self-Management Interventions for Individuals with Low Health Literacy and/or Low Income: A Descriptive Systematic Review. J Gen Intern Med, 33(4): 510–523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4265-x

Royani Z, Rayyani M, Vatanparast M, et al., 2015, The Relationship Between Self-Care and Self-Efficacy with Empowerment in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. Military Caring Sciences, 1(2): 116–122.

Martin CM, 2007, Chronic Disease and Illness Care: Adding Principles of Family Medicine to Address Ongoing Health System Redesign. Can Fam Physician, 53(12): 2086–2091.

Chen LT, Baird A, Straub D, 2019, Fostering Participant Health Knowledge and Attitudes: An Econometric Study of a Chronic Disease-Focused Online Health Community. Journal of Management Information Systems, 36(1): 194–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2018.1550547

Dennis CL, 2003, Peer Support within a Health Care Context: A Concept Analysis. Int J Nurs Stud, 40(3): 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7489(02)00092-5

Nuopponen A, 2010, Methods of Concept Analysis – A Comparative Study. LSP Journal, 1(1): 4–12.

Quinn CC, Butler EC, Swasey KK, et al., 2018, Mobile Diabetes Intervention Study of Patient Engagement and Impact on Blood Glucose: Mixed Methods Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 6(2): e31. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9265

Larki A, Tahmasebi R, Reisi M, 2018, Factors Predicting Self-Care Behaviors among Low Health Literacy Hypertensive Patients Based on Health Belief Model in Bushehr District, South of Iran. Int J Hypertens, 2018: 9752736. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9752736

McCabe N, Dunbar SB, Butler J, et al., 2015, Antecedents of Self-Care in Adults with Congenital Heart Defects. Int J Cardiol, 201: 610–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.125

Mut-Vitcu G, Timar B, Timar R, et al., 2016, Depression Influences the Quality of Diabetes-Related Self-Management Activities in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Interv Aging, 11: 471–479. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S104083

Oshots EC, Zullig LL, Bosworth HB, et al., 2018, Self-Efficacy and Adherence Behaviors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Prev Chronic Dis, 15: E127. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd15.180218

Sangruangake M, Jirapornkul C, Hurst C, 2017, Psychometric Properties of Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy in Thai Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Multicenter Study. Int J Endocrinol, 2017: 2503156. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2503156

Baker E, Fatoye F, 2019, Patient Perceived Impact of Nurse-Led Self-Management Interventions for COPD: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research. Int J Nurs Stud, 91: 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.12.004

Vassilev I, 2013, Social Networks, the ‘Work’ and Work Force of Chronic Illness Self-Management: A Survey Analysis of Personal Communities. PLoS One, 8(4): e59723. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059723

Fivecoac HC, Sayers SL, Riegel B, 2018, Social Support Predicts Self-Care Confidence in Patients with Heart Failure. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs, 17(7): 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515118762800

Guo YJ, Hu XY, Ji HJ, et al., 2022, The Status and Predictors of Self-Care among Older Adults with Hypertension in Censusing the Chinese Version of Self-Care of Hypertension Invention: A Across Sectional Study. Nurs Open, 9(2): 1241–1261. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1165

Ayele BH, Mengesha MM, Tesfa T, 2019, Predictors of Self-Care Activities of Outpatient Diabetic Residents in Hararand Dire Dawa: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Medicine, 2019: 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119865646

Mills J, Wand T, Fraser JA, 2018, Exploring the Meaning and Practice of Self-Care among Palliative Care Nurses and Doctors: A Qualitative Study. BMC Palliat Care, 17(1): 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-018-0318-0

Riegel B, Jaarsma T, Stromberg A, 2012, A Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness. ANS Adv Nurs Sci, 35(3): 194–204.

Ayala EE, Winseman JS, Johnsen RD, et al., 2018, U.S. Medical Students Who Engage in Self-Care Report Less Stress and Higher Quality of Life. BMC Med Educ, 18(1): 189. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1296-x

Richard AA, Shea K, 2011, Delineation of Self-Care and Associated Concepts. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(3): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1547-5069.2011.01404.X

Lee MC, Wu VSF, Lu KC, et al., 2021, Effect of Patient-Centred Self-Management Programme on Mental Health, Self-Efficacy and Self-Management of Patients with Hypertensive Nephropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Nurs, 30(21–22): 3205–3217. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15825

Tahmasebi R, Noroozi A, 2012, Cross-Cultural Validation of the Diabetes Self-Management Scale in Iranian Patients. HealthMED, 6(8): 2650–2657.

Blok AC, 2017, A Middle-Range Explanatory Theory of Self-Management Behavior for Collaborative Research and Practice. Nurs Forum, 52(2): 138–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12169.

Xie Z, Liu K, Or C, et al., 2020, An Examination of the Socio-Demographic Correlates of Patient Adherence to Self-Management Behaviors and the Mediating Roles of Health Attitudes and Self-Efficacy among Patients with Coexisting Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension. BMC Public Health, 20(1): 1227. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-020-09274-4

Russell LB, Suh DC, Safford MA, 2005, Time Requirements for Diabetes Self-Management: Too Much for Many? J Fam Pract, 54(1): 52–56.

Weijman I, Ros WJG, Rutten GEHM, et al., 2005, The Role of Work-Related and Personal Factors in Diabetes Self-Management. Patient Educ Couns, 9(1): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2004.10.004

Xie Z, Nacioglu A, Or C, 2018, Prevalence, Demographic Correlates, and Perceived Impacts of Mobile Health App Use among Chinese Adults: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 6(4): e103. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9002