JCNRJournal of Clinical and Nursing Research2208-36852208-3693Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/jcnr.v8i6.7062ArticleAntibody Pattern: Correlation of Age and Gender in ANA and Anti-ds-DNA Prevalencehttps://artdesignp.com/journal/JCNR/8/6/10.26689/jcnr.v8i6.7062AhmedUsama,MallickHijazi,KhanAmber,ZubairMuhammad2024862024-07-18The study was designed to find the prevalence of ANA antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies in samples tested at AFIP Rawalpindi and their correlation with age and gender and to find positive and negative predictive values of ANA antibodies. For this purpose, twelve thousand nine hundred sixty-seven (12,967) patients were analyzed for ANA with four hundred sixty-eight (468) healthy samples tested as control and four thousand seven hundred three (4,703) patients tested for ds-DNA antibodies. Retrospective data of all samples tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) for ANA antibodies and dsDNA antibodies was collected. To address positive and negative predictive values another control group (autoimmunity not suspected) of serum samples was taken from the healthy population. For the first group, age, gender, ANA antibodies and ds-DNA antibodies results (both tests performed by IIF) data was collected from a computer record cell; for the second control group, ANA antibodies were performed by IIF. 12,967 and 4,703 samples (Group 1) were tested for ANA antibodies and dsDNA antibodies, respectively, during this period. 1,119 (9%) and 99 (2%) were found positive for ANA antibodies and ds DNA antibodies. Among these positive samples, 850 (76%) and 73 (74%) were females respectively. Gender predisposition towards autoimmunity (ANA) was found significant with a P value of (P = 0.001). Relation of age was also found significant with anti-ANA antibodies with a P value of (P = 0.001). This study shows a negative correlation between age (P = 0.025) and gender (P = 0.001) with anti-dsDNA which is also significant. High prevalence was found below the mean age of 38 years (SD ± 16.635) for ANA antibodies and the mean age of 35 years (SD ± 15.066) for ds-DNA antibodies. The age of ANA antibodies and dsDNA antibodies positive patients ranged from 1 year old to 98 years old and 2 years old to 95 years old respectively. In the second (autoimmunity-free) control group, a total of 468 samples were tested for ANA antibodies and 9 (2%) were found positive. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 8.6% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 98%. ANA is a sensitive test for autoimmunity and it is significantly related to female gender and increasing age. The low prevalence of ANA antibodies among clinically suspected cases suggests that rationalization of test prescriptions is needed. Anti-ds-DNA is also a sensitive test for diagnosis of SLE and it is significantly related to female gender and increasing age.

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