<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JERA</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Electronic Research and Application</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2208-3502</issn><eissn>2208-3510</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/jera.v10i3.14655</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Integrated Volt-Energy Storage-Lighting System for Smart Road Lighting Based on Distributed MPPT: A Review of Hardware Design and Economic Analysis</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/JERA/10/3/10.26689/jera.v10i3.14655</url><author>ChenXiangran,FengJierui,PanYuying,LiMingwei,LiYanran,SongYuhan</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2026-04-22</published-time></date></history><abstract>Smart street lights are the key carrier of smart cities and dual carbon goals. Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption of street lamps, extensive control, lack of dynamic adaptation capabilities of existing smart street lamps, and the vulnerability of centralized photovoltaics to shadows and module aging, this paper proposes a distributed MPPT photovoltaic-energy storage-lighting integrated system. The system hardware integrates high-precision sampling, STM32 main control, DC-DC conversion and lithium iron phosphate battery management; The software integrates traffic flow monitoring, people flow statistics and multi-factor linear regression dimming algorithm to realize perception and dynamic dimming. Through the three-layer architecture of perception-processing-cloud, the system not only improves the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and adapts to complex lighting, but also has been preliminarily verified to have significant technical feasibility and economic value in terms of power generation efficiency, energy saving and cost reduction, and full life cycle costs.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Krishna V, et al., 2026, Editorial Article (Special Issue): Measurement, Control and Security of Systems for Smart Cities. Measurement: Sensors, 2026(44): 101990.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Değermenci M, Yalman Y, Olcay K, 2026, MPPT Algorithms for Grid-Connected Solar Systems including Deep Learning Approaches. Scientific Reports.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lal M, et al., 2026, Photogalvanics for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage: A Review on Progress of PG Cells. Next Research, 2026(5): 101331.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Refaat O, et al., 2026, Potentials of Upcycling Photovoltaic Panels Waste in Construction: A Comparative Review. Developments in the Built Environment, 2026(25): 100845.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Ni H, et al., 2025, Enhancing Robustness in Photoacoustic Detection of Dissolved Acetylene in Transformer Oil: Temperature Effects on Resonance Frequency and Suppression Using the Perturbation Observation Method. Energies, 18(24): 6512.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Hajar A, Ahmed G, Benachir E, Innovative Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic Control Techniques for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems using Dual-Core DSP Microcontroller in Smart Home Applications. Measurement and Control, 59(2): 232–244.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Andrasto T, et al., 2024, Incremental Conductance Method in Maximum Power Point Tracking. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1381(1): 012023.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8" content-type="article"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Maghraby A, Ahmed H, Abougindia I, 2025, An Ultra-Low Noise Dynamic Comparator for Low-Power, High-Resolution SAR ADCs. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, 2025(prepublish): 1–15.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9" content-type="article"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Leite D, et al., 2026, Evolving Granular Fuzzy Control: Overview, Case Study on the Chaotic Hénon Map, and Research Outlook. Applied Soft Computing, 2026(190): 114639.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10" content-type="article"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Li H, et al., 2026, Impedance Force Control for Industrial Robot based on Unified Residual Compensation Iterative Learning Control and Multi-Directional Particle Swarm Optimization, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 240(4): 1214–1228.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11" content-type="article"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Abdelrahman N, Uth S, 2026, Data-Efficient Prediction in Tableting using Word Embeddings and Empirically-Guided Neural Networks. International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X, 2026(11): 100458.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12" content-type="article"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>David J, Volling T, 2026, Multi-Objective Ergonomic–Economic Project Scheduling in Construction: The Case of Photovoltaic System Installation. Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering, 2026(213): 111828.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13" content-type="article"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dita R, et al., 2025, Development of a Buck Converter for Efficient Energy Storage Integration Using Constant Voltage (CV) Methods. Energy Engineering, 122(6): 2355–2370.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14" content-type="article"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Oleschuk V, 2025, Synchronization and Symmetrization of Base Voltages of Electronic Transformer-Based Converters in the Overmodulation Zone of Voltage Source Inverters. Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry, 61(6): 951–959.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15" content-type="article"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Ling H, et al., 2026, Realizing Rapid Energy Storage and Efficient Release in a Tesla Valve Integrated Cold Energy Storage Unit for Data Center Cooling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 289(P1): 129683.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B16" content-type="article"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Subashini M, Sumathi V, 2026, Adaptive Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles: A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Demand Response and Resource Management. Energy Reports, 2026(15): 109015.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B17" content-type="article"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Ghana Achieves Stable Power Supply, Eyes Green Future after Major Energy Reforms, 2025, M2 Presswire.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B18" content-type="article"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Li J, et al., 2026, Novel Control Strategy for Voltage Control System Integrated with Photovoltaic System using Terminal Reaching Law-based Fast Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Concept. Electric Power Systems Research, 2026(253): 112548.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B19" content-type="article"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Kong X, et al., 2026, Local Structural Engineering for Simultaneous Enhancement of Piezoelectricity and Temperature Stability in BiScO3-PbTiO3 Piezoceramics. Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology, 2026(268): 51–60.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B20" content-type="article"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lu J, et al., 2026, Multi-Physics Coupled Simulation and Hybrid Mechanistic Data Driven Modeling for High-Accuracy Radiation Error Correction in Sounding Temperature Sensors. Sensor Review, 46(2): 299–310.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B21" content-type="article"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Bala I, Singh G, Tripathi S, Sustainable Technologies and Devices for Next-Generation Wireless Communication: CRC Press.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B22" content-type="article"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Li L, Dai C, 2024, Internal and External Factors Influencing Rural Households’ Investment Intentions in Building Photovoltaic Integration Projects. Energies, 17(5).</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B23" content-type="article"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>De Deken J, Luigjes C, 2025, Federal Solidarity, Regional Autonomy and Institutional Moral Hazard. The Case of Belgian Unemployment Insurance and Activation Policies. Journal of European Social Policy, 35(5): 423–438.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B24" content-type="article"><label>24</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Alfahdi K, Gultekin H, Summad E, 2025, A Novel Global Health Index Framework for Asset Prognostics and Health Management in the Oil and Gas Industry. Scientific Reports.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B25" content-type="article"><label>25</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Li H, et al., 2013, Design on Distributed Reconfigurable Satellite Full Life Cycle Value Assessment System. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 482(482-482): 287–291.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
