JERAJournal of Electronic Research and Application2208-35022208-3510Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/jera.v9i2.9939ArticleAlgorithm and Application in Vehicle Routing Problem: A Reviewhttps://artdesignp.com/journal/JERA/9/2/10.26689/jera.v9i2.9939ChenZhenyu2025922025-04-02This paper systematically reviews the latest research developments in Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP). It examines classical VRP models and their classifications across different dimensions, including load capacity, operational characteristics, optimization objectives, vehicle types, and time constraints. Based on literature retrieval results from the Web of Science database, the paper analyzes the current state and trends in VRP research, providing detailed explanations of VRP models and algorithms applied to various scenarios in recent years. Additionally, the article discusses limitations in existing research and provides perspectives on future development trends in VRP research. This review offers researchers in the VRP field a comprehensive overview while identifying future research directions.

Dantzig GB, Ramser JH, 1959, The Truck Dispatching Problem. Management Science, 6(1): 80–91.

Schiffer M, Schneider M, Walther G, et al., 2019, Vehicle Routing and Location Routing with Intermediate Stops: A Review. Transportation Science, 53(2): 319–343.

Tsang YP, Ma H, Tan KH, et al., 2024, A Joint Sustainable Order-Packing Vehicle Routing Optimisation for the Cold Chain E-Fulfilment. Annals of Operations Research (2024): 1–24.

Anityasari M, Rinardi HC, Warmadewanthi IDAA, 2024, Analysing Medical Waste Transportation Using Periodic Vehicle Routing Problem for Surabaya Public Health Facilities. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, (2024): 1–18.

Guo Z, Karimi HR, Jiang B, et al., 2024, Enhanced Intelligent Water Drops With Genetic Algorithm for Multi-Objective Mixed Time Window Vehicle Routing. Neural Computing and Applications, 2024: 1–15

Andersen T, Belward S, Sankupellay M, et al., 2023, Reoptimisation Strategies for Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems With Proximity-Dependent Nodes. TOP, 32: 1–21.

Singh VP, Kirti S, Debjani C, 2023, Solving Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem With Demands as Fuzzy Random Variable. Soft Computing: A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies, and Applications, 27(21): 16019–16039.

Feng Z, Xiao R, 2023, Spatiotemporal Distance Embedded Hybrid Ant Colony Algorithm for a Kind of Vehicle Routing Problem With Constraints. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 24: 1062–1079.

Bai Q, Yuan Y, Fu X, et al., 2024, Vehicle Routing Problem for Cold Chain Logistics Based on Data Fusion Technology to Predict Travel Time. Operational Research, 24(4): 55.

Lou P, Zhou Z, Zeng Y, et al., 2024, Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows and Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Logistics Distribution. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29: 31.

Ma J, Ma X, Li C, Li T, 2024, Vehicle-Drone Collaborative Distribution Path Planning Based on Neural Architecture Search Under the Influence of Carbon Emissions. Discover Computing, 27(1): 1–26.

Feng B, Wei L, 2022, An Improved Multi-Directional Local Search Algorithm for Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows and Route Balance. Applied Intelligence, 53(10): 11786–11798.

Li T, He Z, Wu Y, 2022, An Integrated Route Planning Approach for Driverless Vehicle Delivery System. PeerJ Computer Science, 8(4): e1170.

Wei X, Niu C, Zhao L, et al., 2025, Combination of Ant Colony and Student Psychology-Based Optimization for the Multi-Depot Electric Vehicle Routing Problem With Time Windows. Cluster Computing, 28: 99.

Rezaei B, Guimaraes FG, Enayatifar R, et al., 2024, Exploring Dynamic Population Island Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. Memetic Computing, 16(2): 179–202.

Jastrzab T, Myller M, Tulczyjew L, et al., 2024, Standardized Validation of Vehicle Routing Algorithms. Applied Intelligence, 2024: 1–30.

Hosseini M, Rahmani A, 2024, The Green Cold Vehicle Routing Problem With Traffic Congestion and Variable Speed. Energy Systems, 2024: 1–37.

Zhang J, Zhang J, Qin Z, et al., 2022, Vehicle Routing Problems With Time Windows Based on the Improved Hybrid Fish Swarm-Ant Colony Algorithm. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 2022.