<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JERA</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Electronic Research and Application</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2208-3502</issn><eissn>2208-3510</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/jera.v9i5.12195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Construction of a Virtual Twin Testing Framework for Safety of the Intended Functionality in Intelligent Connected Vehicles</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/JERA/9/5/10.26689/jera.v9i5.12195</url><author>FuQuanyou,SunDaxu</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>5</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2025-10-15</published-time></date></history><abstract>This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation systems. The research methods include the construction of a theoretical model of safety for intelligent connected vehicles based on the concept of virtual twins, the correlation study between key concepts and functional safety, and the application research of virtual twin technology in the safety testing of intelligent connected vehicles. The results reveal that the virtual twin testing framework can effectively enhance the functional safety of intelligent connected vehicles, reduce development costs, and shorten the product launch cycle. The conclusion suggests that this framework provides strong support for the healthy development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and has a positive impact on the safety and efficiency of intelligent transportation systems.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Awasthi SS, Imran MIIS, Arrigoni S, et al., 2025, Bayesian Optimization Applied for Accelerated Virtual Validation of the Autonomous Driving Function, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22769v2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Mo L, Hua M, Sun H, et al., 2023, Study on the Impacts of Hazardous Behaviors on Autonomous Vehicle Collision Rates Based on Humanoid Scenario Generation in CARLA, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2307.10229v1</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Kloeker L, Liu C, Wei C, et al., 2023, Framework for Quality Evaluation of Smart Roadside Infrastructure Sensors for Automated Driving Applications, ArXiv.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zhang H, Yue X, Tian K, et al., 2025, Virtual Roads, Smarter Safety: A Digital Twin Framework for Mixed Autonomous Traffic Safety Analysis, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.17968v1</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wang K, Nonomura K, Li Z, et al., 2024, Augmented Intelligence in Smart Intersections: Local Digital Twins-Assisted Hybrid Autonomous Driving, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.12163v2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Xia L, Sun Y, Swash R, et al., 2021, Smart and Secure CAV Networks Empowered by AI-Enabled Blockchain: The Next Frontier for Intelligent Safe Driving Assessment, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.04572v5</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Paranjape A, Patwardhan Y, Deshpande V, et al., 2023, Voice-Based Smart Assistant System for Vehicles using RASA, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.01642v1</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8" content-type="article"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Emami Y, Zhou H, Gaitan MG, et al., 2025, From Prompts to Protection: Large Language Model-Enabled In-Context Learning for Smart Public Safety UAV, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.02649v1</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9" content-type="article"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Collin A, Bilka A, Pendleton S, et al., 2021, Safety of the Intended Driving Behavior Using Rulebooks, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.04472v1</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10" content-type="article"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wu K, Li P, Cheng Y, et al., 2024, A Digital Twin Framework for Physical-Virtual Integration in V2X-Enabled Connected Vehicle Corridors, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.00356v2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11" content-type="article"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Nikouei SY, Xu R, Chen Y, et al., 2019, Decentralized Smart Surveillance through Microservices Platform, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.04563v1</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12" content-type="article"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Martins V, Rufino J, Fernandes B, et al., 2018, Personal Virtual Traffic Light Systems, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07829v1</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13" content-type="article"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Czarnecki K, Kuwajima H, 2023, STEAM &amp; MoSAFE: SOTIF Error-and-Failure Model &amp; Analysis for AI-Enabled Driving Automation, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.09559v2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14" content-type="article"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Limbasiya T, Das D, Sahay SK, 2019, Secure Communication Protocol for Smart Transportation Based on Vehicular Cloud, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/1912.12884v2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15" content-type="article"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Beaver LE, Chalaki B, Mahbub AMI, et al., 2019, Demonstration of a Time-Efficient Mobility System Using a Scaled Smart City, ArXiv, http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.01632v2</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
