<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OTD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Oncology Treatment Discovery</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>3083-4996</issn><eissn>2981-8079</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/otd.v1i2.5230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Advances in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/OTD/1/2/10.26689/otd.v1i2.5230</url><author>Xue Ji,Lixia Tian,Fengjuan Tao,Xue Tian,Beibei Zhang,Sheqing Liu,Xianshu Song,Huaqiang Chen,Zhong Dai</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2023-09-26</published-time></date></history><abstract>Abstract: Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China with a high mortality rate. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nRCT) is currently the primary treatment method for locally advanced esophageal cancer. However,&amp;nbsp;nRCT has not been not widely applied in China due to several reasons. First, the radiotherapy equipment and technology&amp;nbsp;vary in different regions, and the learning curve for these technologies is steep, making rapid implementation difficult.&amp;nbsp;Furthermore, the combined toxicity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy can counteract the survival benefits of preoperative&amp;nbsp;treatment. In recent years, a promising approach involves combining neoadjuvant chemotherapy with immunotherapy for&amp;nbsp;patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. This article offers an overview of the progress in neoadjuvant therapy for this condition.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al., 2021, Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 71(3): 209–249.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Thun M, Linet MS, Cerhan JR, et al., 2018, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, 4th Edition Oxford University</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Press, New York.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>McCormack VA, Menya D, Munishi MO, et al., 2017, Informing Etiologic Research Priorities for Squamous Cell</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Esophageal Cancer in Africa: A Review of Setting-Specific Exposures to Known and Putative Risk Factors. Int J</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Cancer, 140(2): 259–271.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8" content-type="article"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Mao YS, Gao SG, Wang Q, et al., 2020, Analysis of a Registry Database For Esophageal Cancer from</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9" content-type="article"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>High-Volume Centers in China. Dis Esophagus, 33: doz091.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10" content-type="article"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Liu S, Wen J, Yang H, et al., 2020, Recurrence Patterns After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Compared</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11" content-type="article"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>With Surgery Alone in Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results from the Multicenter Phase III Trial</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12" content-type="article"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>NEOCRTEC5010. Eur J Cancer, 138: 113–121.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13" content-type="article"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Ten-Year Outcome of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Plus Surgery for Esophageal Cancer: The Randomized</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14" content-type="article"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Controlled CROSS Trial. J Clin Oncol, 2021, 39(18): 1995–2004.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15" content-type="article"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Yang H, Liu H, Chen Y, et al., 2021, Long-term Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Plus Surgery for the</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B16" content-type="article"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Treatment of Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The NEOCRTEC5010 Randomized Clinical</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B17" content-type="article"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Trial. JAMA Surg, 156(8): 721–729.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B18" content-type="article"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wang H, Tang H, Fang Y, et al., 2021, Morbidity and Mortality of Patients Who Underwent Minimally Invasive</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B19" content-type="article"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Esophagectomy After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy vs Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B20" content-type="article"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg, 156(5): 444–451.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B21" content-type="article"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zhang G, Zhang C, Sun N, et al., 2021, Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Versus Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for the</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B22" content-type="article"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Study from the National Cancer</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B23" content-type="article"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Center in China. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 143: 943–945.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B24" content-type="article"><label>24</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Tang H, Zheng H, Tan L, et al., 2018, Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed By Minimally Invasive</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B25" content-type="article"><label>25</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Esophagectomy: Is it a Superior Approach for Locally Advanced Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma?.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B26" content-type="article"><label>26</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>J Thorac Dis, 10(2): 963–972.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B27" content-type="article"><label>27</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Kelly RJ, Smith KN, Anagnostou V, et al., 2019, Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Plus Concurrent Chemoradiation in</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B28" content-type="article"><label>28</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Stage II/III Esophageal/Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer [Abstract]. J Clin Oncol, 37(4 suppl): 142.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B29" content-type="article"><label>29</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Cheng C, Yang W, Chen W, et al., 2021, Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade in Combination with Chemotherapy for</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B30" content-type="article"><label>30</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Patients with Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma [Abstract]. J Clin Oncol, 39(3 suppl): 220.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B31" content-type="article"><label>31</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lee S, Ahn BC, Park SY, et al., 2019, A Phase II Trial of Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy and Pembrolizumab for</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B32" content-type="article"><label>32</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). Ann Oncol, 30(Suppl 4): v754.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B33" content-type="article"><label>33</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Li C, Zhao S, Zheng Y, et al., 2021, Preoperative pembrolizumab combined with chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B34" content-type="article"><label>34</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>squamous cell carcinoma (PALACE-1). Eur J Cancer, 144: 232–241.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B35" content-type="article"><label>35</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Kelly RJ, Ajani JA, Kuzdzal J, et al., 2020, LBA9_PR Adjuvant Nivolumab in Resected Esophageal or</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B36" content-type="article"><label>36</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer (EC/GEJC) Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy (CRT): First</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B37" content-type="article"><label>37</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Results of the CheckMate 577 study. Ann Oncol, 31(Suppl 4): S1193–S1194.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B38" content-type="article"><label>38</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Sun JM, Shen L, Shah MA, et al., 2021, Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone for FirstLine Treatment of Advanced Oesophageal Cancer (KEYNOTE-590): A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B39" content-type="article"><label>39</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Study. Lancet, 398(10302): 759–771.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B40" content-type="article"><label>40</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Yamamoto S, Kato K, Daiko H, et al., 2020, Feasibility Study of Nivolumab as Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B41" content-type="article"><label>41</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Locally Esophageal Carcinoma: FRONTiER (JCOG1804E). Future Oncol, 16(19): 1351–1357.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B42" content-type="article"><label>42</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Li K, Yang X, Luo W, et al., 2020, 415 Toripalimab Plus Nab-Paclitaxel and Carboplatin as Neoadjuvant Therapy</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B43" content-type="article"><label>43</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>for Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Clinical Stage T2-T4/N0-N2/M0: A Single-Arm,</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B44" content-type="article"><label>44</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Single-Center Clinical Study J I [Abstract]. Immunother Cancer, 8(Suppl 3): A253.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B45" content-type="article"><label>45</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Gu Y, Chen X, Wang D, et al., 2020, A Study of Neoadjuvant Sintilimab Combined with Triplet Chemotherapy</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B46" content-type="article"><label>46</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>of Lipopaclitaxel, Cisplatin, and S-1 For Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC).Ann Oncol,</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B47" content-type="article"><label>47</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>(Suppl 4): S1307–S1308.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B48" content-type="article"><label>48</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Liu J, Li Z, Fu X, et al., 2020, A Prospective Phase II Clinical Trial Exploring Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B49" content-type="article"><label>49</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Combined with Chemotherapy in Resectable Thoracic Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer (TESCC) with MultiStation Lymph Node Metastases (NICE study): Preliminary Results [Abstract]. Ann Oncol, 31(Suppl 4): S1292.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B50" content-type="article"><label>50</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Wang F, Qi Y, Meng X, et al., 2021, Camrelizumab in Combination with Preoperative Chemotherapy for Locally</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B51" content-type="article"><label>51</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase II Study [Abstract]. J Clin</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B52" content-type="article"><label>52</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Oncol, 39(Suppl 3): 222.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
