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<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PAR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of Anticancer Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2208-3545</issn><eissn>2208-3553</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/par.v9i2.10067</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Advances and Challenges in mRNA Vaccine Technology</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/PAR/9/2/10.26689/par.v9i2.10067</url><author>ZhouYing,WuZhaoru,WangYibo,LaoRongkang,HuangYunfei,LiShun,FuQiang,LiaoJiedan</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>2</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2025-04-03</published-time></date></history><abstract>Since the outbreak of COVID-19, mRNA vaccine technology has achieved groundbreaking advancements. Characterized by its high safety profile and potent immune activation capabilities, this technology has demonstrated significant potential in the prevention of infectious diseases and cancer therapeutics, marking a new milestone in vaccine development. This review focuses on three key aspects—molecular design, delivery systems, and immunological mechanisms—providing a comprehensive analysis of structural optimization strategies, delivery methodologies, and immune modulation approaches for mRNA vaccines. Additionally, it summarizes and evaluates potential challenges that may arise in the future development of mRNA vaccines. 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