SDSSocial Development Studies3083-38763083-3868Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/sds.v2i1.14140ArticleA Comparative Study on the R&D Models and Industrialization Performance of Biomaterial Enterprises in the Context of Similar Technologies but Different Systems: A Dual Case Study of Cathay Biotech and Genomaticahttps://artdesignp.com/journal/SDS/2/1/10.26689/sds.v2i1.14140ZhouLiling2026212026-03-11Both Cathay Biotech and Genomatica in the United States utilize synthetic biology routes to produce long-chain dicarboxylic acids, sharing similar technological approaches. However, the two companies differ in their accounting treatment of R&D expenditures regarding capitalization and in the assessment mechanisms for government subsidies. These differences have, to a certain extent, led the two enterprises to choose distinct R&D models. From the perspective of innovation performance, Cathay Biotech’s autonomous vertical integration innovation model outperforms Genomatica’s open collaboration innovation model in terms of shortening the trial-and-error cycle and improving product gross profit margins.Biomaterials; R&D models; Long-chain dicarboxylic acids; Open innovation; Vertical integration

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