SSRScientific and Social Research2661-43322981-9946Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/ssr.v6i5.6880ArticleComparative Analysis of Chloroplast Genome Variation and Evolutionary Analysis of the Endangered Species Dendrobium flexicaule and its Relative Specieshttps://artdesignp.com/journal/SSR/6/5/10.26689/ssr.v6i5.6880WangLe,LiuXue,ZhangJie,MingXingjia,ShuShu,QuXianyou,ZhangJiayi,QiJunsheng2024652024-06-13Globally, the genus Dendrobium (Family: Orchidaceae) exhibits widespread distribution, predominantly occupying the tropical and subtropical areas of Asia. Although the chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs) of certain Dendrobium species have been documented, the evolutionary relationships among these species remain largely unexplored. In this pioneering investigation, a comprehensive analysis of the complete cpDNAs from Dendrobium species is presented, including Dendrobium flexicaule along with three closely related taxa (D. nobile, D. officinale, and D. huoshanense). The size of the novel complete cpDNAs ranged from 150,529 to 152,588 bp, and their cpDNA structure exhibits a unique quadrifoliate structure reminiscent of female quadrivalents, including large single copy, small single copy (SSC), and inverted repeat regions. A total of 175 simple sequence repeats were identified in the D. flexicaule cpDNA. A few pseudogenes of the NA(D)H dehydrogenase-like (NDH) genes were found in the annotated cpDNAs of the four Dendrobium species. Within the shared pseudogenes ndhF and ndhG, ndhF frequently undergoes mutations. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis showed that D. flexicaule and D. scoriarum were close sister species. The research findings provide crucial genetic information for the molecular phylogenetic system of D. flexicaule.

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