SSRScientific and Social Research2661-43322981-9946Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.10.26689/ssr.v7i11.13046ArticleA Study on the Sovereign Jurisdiction Mechanism of Xizang in the Qing Dynastyhttps://artdesignp.com/journal/SSR/7/11/10.26689/ssr.v7i11.13046ZouYuzhou,HeShuyi20257112025-12-12This paper systematically combs through the historical archives related to Tibet during the Qing Dynasty to examine the Qing Dynasty’s mechanisms of sovereignty over Xizang and their evolution. The study reveals that the Qing Dynasty formed a triangular framework centered on imperial authority, consisting of “central government—provinces—tribal territories”, which effectively achieved long-term and stable governance over Xizang. The tributary authority of Xizang underwent a historical evolution from the Khutans’ court to the Kashag office and the Prince of the Commandery system, and then to the authority of the Amban in Tibet. Each iteration was the result of structural changes in the territorial framework. Through an in-depth analysis of the relationship between imperial authority and the Gelug Sect, this paper demonstrates that Xizang during the Qing Dynasty consistently maintained a political form of separation between religion and state rather than integration: the pure spirit of imperial authority contained no elements of the Gelug Sect’s theocratic nature, and the tributary authority was independent of the Gelug Sect’s religious power. This research clarifies the traditional perception of “Xizang’s integration of religion and state”, reveals the institutional foundation of Xizang’s sovereignty during the Qing Dynasty, and holds significant academic and practical value for understanding the historical relationship between the central government and the Tibetan region.

Deng RL, Feng Z, 2016, Xizang: A General History, Qing Dynasty Volume (Part 2). China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, 625–626.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 382.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, Beijing, 1517.

Liu WP, 2021, Military Affairs Office, Provincial Defense, and State Building in the Qing Dynasty in the 18th Century. Learning and Exploration, 2021(4): 149–160.

Veritable Records of Emperor Shenzu of Qing, 1721, Veritable Records of Emperor Shenzu of Qing, vol. 291, February Jiwei, 60th year of Kangxi.

Angben DZ, 1998, Chronology of the Successive Dalai Lamas and Panchen Erdeni, 215.

Editorial Department of Xizang Studies, 1982, A Study on the Origin of Tibetan Monks and A Study on the Origin of Xizang (combined). Xizang People’s Publishing House, Lhasa, 65.

Renjie DZC, 1988, The Legend of Prola Ding. Xizang People’s Publishing House, Lhasa, 206.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 382.

Lhobzangpa G, 1990, The Seal Spectrum of the Kashag, translated and annotated by Liu Liqian. China Tibetology, 1990(1).

Editorial Department of Xizang Studies, 1982, Xizang Records and General Records of Tibet (combined). Xizang People’s Publishing House, Lhasa, 3.

Veritable Records of Emperor Shizong of Qing, 1724, Veritable Records of Emperor Shizong of Qing, vol. 38, November 11, 3rd year of Yongzheng.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 366.

Fang JC, 1990, Supplementary Examination of Tibetan Literary History. Northwest Ethnic Studies, 1990(2).

Veritable Records of Emperor Shizong of Qing, 1726, Veritable Records of Emperor Shizong of Qing, vol. 52, January 5, 5th year of Yongzheng.

Wangrenjie DZ, n.d., The Biography of Pola Nai, 264.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 552.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 456.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 490.

Chilie DL, 1980, On the Theocratic System of Xizang, 3. Nationalities Publishing House, 1980.

Engels M, Lenin, 2010, On Religion, 690. People’s Publishing House, Beijing.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 230.

The Strategy of Personal Campaign to Pacify the Desert, 1689, The Strategy of Personal Campaign to Pacify the Desert, vol. 8, Jiachen, November, 29th year of Kangxi.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 235.

Dorje T, 1994, A Compilation of Archival Materials on the Relationship between Tibet and the Central Government Since the Yuan Dynasty. China Tibetology Publishing House, 237.

Wangrenjie DZ, n.d., The Biography of Pola Nai, 267.