<?xml version="1.1" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">SSR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific and Social Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>2661-4332</issn><eissn>2981-9946</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Bio-Byword Scientific Publishing Pty. Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26689/ssr.v8i4.14918</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Expectation Resonance in Affirmative Irony: A Multimodal Analysis of Verbal Humor in Cecilia</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/SSR/8/4/10.26689/ssr.v8i4.14918</url><author>DangBin</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2026-05-25</published-time></date></history><abstract>Humberto Solás’s 1982 film Cecilia does something unusual with verbal irony. Characters who occupy subordinate social positions use it not just to criticize or tear down, but to build up solidarity and sketch alternative possibilities. The study calls this affirmative irony. The study examines five key scenes with a multimodal lens, drawing on the evaluative synergy framework and expectation linguistics. From that synthesis emerges a proposal, which is the expectation resonance hypothesis, to explain how ironic evaluation and expectation modulation feed into each other as voice, body, and camera converge. Five ironic types and four recurring multimodal configurations surface in the analysis. The paper also lays out a replicable, annotation-based method and argues that taking ironic discourse as merely negative misses half the picture.</abstract><keywords/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Burczynska P, 2018, Investigating the Multimodal Construal and Reception of Irony in Film Translation: An Experimental Approach, thesis, University of Manchester.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2" content-type="article"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Genova T, 2016, Foundational Frustrations: Incest and Incompletion in Cirilo Villaverde’s Cecilia Valdés. Decimonónica, 13(1): 66–86.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3" content-type="article"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Novau J, 2019, “La isla que se repite” and Ways of “bregar”: Slavery and Dynamics of Transgression in Cecilia Valdés (1882) by Cirilo Villaverde. CELEHIS, 2019(37): 1–5.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4" content-type="article"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Dang B, 2026, Constructing Evaluative Meaning Across Modes: A Case Study of Pon tu pensamiento en mí. Advances in Humanities Research, 13(4): 45–63.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B5" content-type="article"><label>5</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Zhu B, Lu F, 2025, The Expectation Principle Underlying the Operation of the Language System. Studies in Language and Linguistics, 2025(2): 1–18.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B6" content-type="article"><label>6</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Chen Z, 2025, How to Determine Common-sense Expectations: When Individual Beliefs Conflict with Public Beliefs, thesis, Shandong University, School of Literature.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B7" content-type="article"><label>7</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Raskin V, 1985, Semantic Mechanisms of Humor. Reidel, Dordrecht.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B8" content-type="article"><label>8</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Attardo S, Raskin V, 1991, Script Theory Revis(it)ed: Joke Similarity and Joke Representation Model. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 4(3–4): 293–347.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B9" content-type="article"><label>9</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Brône G, Feyaerts K, Veale T, 2006, Introduction: Cognitive Linguistic Approaches to Humor. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 19(3): 203–228.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B10" content-type="article"><label>10</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Sperber D, Wilson D, 1995, Relevance: Communication and Cognition (2nd ed.). Blackwell, New Jersey.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B11" content-type="article"><label>11</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Smith CA, 2022, The Multimodal Realisations of the Trope of Verbal Irony through the Lens of the Pragmeme of Insolence: A Study of Four Scenes from Buffy the Vampire Slayer S05. Paper presented at Multimodal Tropes in Contemporary Discourse, Université Lyon 3.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B12" content-type="article"><label>12</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Kress G, van Leeuwen T, 2006, Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design (2nd ed.). Routledge, London.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B13" content-type="article"><label>13</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Baldry A, Thibault PJ, 2006, Multimodal Transcription and Text Analysis. Equinox, Sheffield.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B14" content-type="article"><label>14</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Martin JR, White PRR, 2005, The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English. Palgrave Macmillan, London.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B15" content-type="article"><label>15</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Attardo S, Eisterhold J, Hay J, et al., 2003, Multimodal Markers of Irony and Sarcasm. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 16(2): 243–260.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B16" content-type="article"><label>16</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Tabacaru S, 2019, A Multimodal Study of Sarcasm in Interactional Humor. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B17" content-type="article"><label>17</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Koochacki R, Sharafzadeh MH, 2025, Audiovisual Representation of Multimodal Cues during the Production of Irony and Sarcasm in Persian Sitcom. Iranian Journal of Educational Research, 4(2): 1–15.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B18" content-type="article"><label>18</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Culpeper J, 2011, Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B19" content-type="article"><label>19</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>EcuRed, 2026, Cecilia (película). https://www.ecured.cu/Cecilia_(pel%25C3%25ADcula)</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B20" content-type="article"><label>20</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Cubacine, 2026, Cecilia. ICAIC. https://www.cubacine.icaic.cu/es/filme/cecilia</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B21" content-type="article"><label>21</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>IMDb, 2026, Cecilia (1982). https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0080508/</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B22" content-type="article"><label>22</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Tsakona V, 2009, Language and Image Interaction in Cartoons: Towards a Multimodal Theory of Humor. Journal of Pragmatics, 41(7): 1426–1444.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B23" content-type="article"><label>23</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Lourenco CID, 1998, Negotiating Africanness in National Identity: Studies in Brazilian and Cuban Cinema, thesis, Ohio State University.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref><ref id="B24" content-type="article"><label>24</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>Austin EL, Lahr-Vivaz E, 2023, On Incest and Adaptation: The Foundational Scandal of Cecilia Valdés, in Palgrave Studies in Adaptation and Visual Culture (pp. 81–98). Palgrave Macmillan, London.</p><pub-id pub-id-type="doi"/></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
